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Ethical Hacking Methodology Overview

Cyber Security Mastery: From Zero to Hero

Module 4: Offensive Cybersecurity - Introduction to Hacking

Ethical hacking (or Penetration Testing) is a formalized process, not just random clicking. We follow a clear, repeatable methodology.

The Five Phases of Hacking (PTES Standard)

  1. Reconnaissance (Information Gathering): Gathering information about the target without direct interaction.
  2. Scanning and Enumeration: Interacting with the target to discover open ports, services, and vulnerabilities.
  3. Gaining Access (Exploitation): Launching an attack to exploit a vulnerability and gain initial access.
  4. Maintaining Access (Persistence): Ensuring future access and embedding backdoors (if permitted by scope).
  5. Covering Tracks & Reporting: Clearing logs, removing backdoors, and documenting all steps and findings.

Red Team vs. Blue Team

  • Red Team: Acts as the attacker, focusing on finding and exploiting vulnerabilities.
  • Blue Team: Acts as the defender, focusing on detection, response, and prevention (what we covered in Module 3).
  • Purple Team: A collaborative approach where Red and Blue teams work together to improve security posture.