Horizontal Scaling (Scaling Out)

Adding more small instances. Best for cloud elasticity.

Vertical Scaling (Scaling Up)

Making a single instance bigger. Usually more expensive and requires downtime.

Intelligent Scaling

Why scaling based on 'Schedule' (e.g., turn off at 6 PM) is better than scaling based on 'CPU' for many business apps. We'll implement a 'Nightly Shutdown' script in Terraform.