Diagnosing Network Issues
ping (Packet Internet Groper)
ping sends ICMP echo request packets to a host to determine if the host is reachable and how long the response takes (latency).
bash
Ping the default gateway
$ ping 192.168.1.1
Ping a website (requires DNS resolution)
$ ping google.com
Note: On many Linux systems, ping runs indefinitely. Stop it using Ctrl + C.
traceroute
traceroute tracks the path (hops) that packets take from your machine to a destination, helping diagnose where network latency or failure occurs.
bash $ traceroute google.com 1 router.home (192.168.1.1) 0.584 ms 0.720 ms 0.865 ms 2 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 5.421 ms 6.198 ms 5.655 ms 3 isp-router-a.net (123.45.67.89) 15.228 ms 16.198 ms 17.555 ms ...