String Indexing

Strings are ordered sequences. Every character has a unique position, called an index. Indexing starts at 0.

Accessing Characters

Use square brackets [] after the string variable to access a specific character.

python language = 'Python' first_char = language[0] third_char = language[2] print(first_char) # Output: P print(third_char) # Output: t

Negative Indexing

Negative indices count from the end of the string:

• -1 is the last character.
• -2 is the second-to-last character.

python last_char = language[-1] print(last_char) # Output: n

String Slicing

Slicing allows you to extract a substring (a segment of the string). The syntax is [start:stop:step].

Note: The stop index is exclusive (the character at the stop index is not included).

python text = 'Programming'

Get characters from index 2 up to (but not including) 6

slice1 = text[2:6] # 'ogra'

Slice from the beginning to index 5

slice2 = text[:5] # 'Progr'

Slice from index 5 to the end

slice3 = text[5:] # 'amming'

Slice using step (every second character)

slice_step = text[0:11:2] # 'Pormi'

Reverse the string (step of -1)

reversed_text = text[::-1] # 'gnimmarborP'